Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) is a collection of symptoms experienced by occupants of a building, often characterized by headaches, fatigue, eye, nose, and throat irritation, dry skin, and difficulty concentrating. While the exact causes of SBS can be complex and multifactorial, elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) levels are increasingly recognized as a contributing factor.
CO2 is a natural byproduct of human respiration. In poorly ventilated buildings, particularly offices, schools, and other spaces with high occupancy, CO2 can accumulate. While CO2 itself isn’t typically toxic at the levels found in most buildings, its presence serves as an indicator of inadequate ventilation.
This lack of fresh air can lead to a buildup of other indoor air pollutants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), dust, mold, and other irritants, which are more directly linked to SBS symptoms. Essentially, high CO2 acts as a proxy for poor overall indoor air quality.
The Science Behind the Connection
Several studies have investigated the relationship between CO2 levels and SBS. A 2011 review article published in Indoor Air (Sundell et al.) examined numerous studies on indoor air quality and health, concluding that poor ventilation, often indicated by elevated CO2, is a significant risk factor for SBS. The authors highlighted the complex interplay between various indoor air pollutants and their combined effect on occupant health.
Furthermore, research has shown that elevated CO2 can directly impact cognitive function. Studies have demonstrated that higher CO2 levels can impair decision-making, reduce concentration, and increase feelings of fatigue – all common symptoms of SBS. A 2012 study by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory found that moderately high indoor concentrations of CO2 can impair decision-making performance by as much as 25%. This cognitive impairment can contribute to the overall sense of unwellness associated with SBS.
It’s important to note that CO2 is rarely the sole cause of SBS. Other factors that can contribute to SBS include:
- VOCs: Chemicals released from building materials, furniture, cleaning products, and office equipment.
- Inadequate Ventilation: Insufficient fresh air intake and poor air circulation.
- Temperature and Humidity: Fluctuations in temperature and humidity can exacerbate SBS symptoms.
- Biological Contaminants: Mold, dust mites, and other allergens.
- Psychological Factors: Stress, job dissatisfaction, and other psychosocial factors can also play a role.
Addressing CO2 levels and improving ventilation is a crucial step in mitigating SBS. Strategies include:
- Improving Ventilation: Ensuring adequate fresh air intake and proper functioning of HVAC systems.
- Monitoring CO2 Levels: Regularly monitoring CO2 levels with the help of devices like uHoo air quality monitors can help identify areas with poor ventilation.
- Reducing VOC Sources: Choosing low-VOC building materials, furniture, and cleaning products.
- Maintaining Optimal Temperature and Humidity: Keeping temperature and humidity within a comfortable range.
- Addressing Other Indoor Air Pollutants: Implementing measures to control dust, mold, and other allergens.
While the causes of SBS are complex, elevated CO2 levels serve as a valuable indicator of poor ventilation and potential indoor air quality problems. By prioritizing ventilation and monitoring CO2 with uHoo, you can create healthier and more productive environments, reducing the incidence of SBS and improving the well-being of occupants.
